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The Deutsche Reichsbahn's Class 52〔Wartime locomotives classes are prefixed DRB (Deutsche Reichsbahn) to distinguish them from those introduced by the DRG (prefixed DRG), which became defunct in 1937, and those introduced later by the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (prefixed DR).〕 was a German steam locomotive built in large numbers during the Second World War. It was the most produced type of the so-called ''Kriegslokomotiven'' or ''Kriegsloks'' (war locomotives). The Class 52 was a wartime development of the pre-war DRG Class 50, using fewer parts and less expensive materials to speed production. They were designed by Wagner who was Chief Engineer of the Central Design Office at the Locomotive Standards Bureau of the DRG. About a dozen classes of locomotive were referred to as ''Kriegslokomotiven'', however the three main classes were the Class 52, 50 and 42. Many locomotives passed into Russian ownership after the Second World War. In the U.S.S.R. the class were designated TE (TЭ). Other operators of the type included Poland (as class Ty2) and Romania, Bulgaria, Norway and Turkey. In Yugoslavia locomotives of the type were classified JŽ 33. == Overview == Following the invasion of Poland in September 1939 Nazi Germany disbanded Polish National Railways. Polish management was either executed in mass shooting actions (see: the 1939 Intelligenzaktion and the 1940 German AB-Aktion in Poland) or imprisoned, and some 8,000 managerial positions were staffed with German officials.〔 Former Polish companies began producing German engines BR44, BR50 and BR86 as early as 1940 using forced labour. By 1944, the factories in occupied Poznań and Chrzanów were mass-producing the redesigned "Kriegslok" BR52 locomotives for the Eastern Front. These locomotives were made almost entirely of steel - the use of more expensive, non-ferrous metals was dropped in view of the engines' expected lifespan. Over 6,700 locomotives of DRB Class 52 type were built across Europe for use on the Eastern Front during the Second World War. It therefore has a claim to being one of the most numerous steam locomotive classes in the world. To achieve such numbers, the German locomotive manufacturers were merged into the ''Gemeinschaft Grossdeutscher Lokomotivhersteller'' (GGL), which was a subdivision of the ''Hauptausschuss Schienenfahrzeuge'' (HAS) founded in 1942. Key HAS figures were the Reichsminister for munition and armament, Albert Speer and the Reich transport minister, Julius Dorpmüller. The GGL included the following locomotive manufacturers (including an approximate number of Class 52s produced): # LOFAG, Vienna: 1,053 units # Henschel, Kassel (Henschel Flugzeugwerke AG): 1,050 units (forced labor)〔 # Schwartzkopff, Berlin: 647 units # Krauss-Maffei, Munich: 613 units # Borsig, Berlin; branches: Borsig-Rheinmetall AG Düsseldorf (in Siemianowice, Poland), Borsig Lokomotivwerke Hennigsdorf, Borsig Werke Breslau-Hundsfeld (Bydgoszcz, Poland): 542 units (forced labor, incl. KL Auschwitz) # Schichau-Werke Elbing, Elbląg (Poland): 505 units (forced labor, incl. KZ Stutthof, and its subcamps). # Maschinenbau und Bahnbedarfs AG (MBA) formerly Orenstein & Koppel, Babelsberg: 400 units # DWM Posen, Poznań (occupied Poland), German takeover of Polish manufacturer H. Cegielski – Poznań: 314 units (forced labor) # Oberschlesische Lokfabrik Krenau, Chrzanów (occupied Poland), German takeover of Polish manufacturer Fablok: 264 units (forced labor)〔 # Maschinenfabrik Esslingen: 250 units # Jung, Jungenthal, Kirchen: 231 units # Škoda Works, Pilsen: 153 units # Grafenstaden, Strasbourg: 139 units 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「DRB Class 52」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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